This is yet another interesting problem that I see students struggle with from time to time. Everyone seems to know that you cannot summarize Loopback routes with MPLS, but many struggle to answer why. I’ll try to answer it here.
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Here is an expanded blueprint of MPLS topics one should be ready to demonstrate a mastery of for the CCIE R&S 4.0 blueprint.

MPLS

• MPLS Unicast Routing Using LDP
  • Controlling Label Distribution
• MPLS VPN
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Students often ask exactly what they are responsible for when it comes to the topic of MPLS for the Version 4 CCIE R&S exam. This is a very valid question since the topic can be very vast and students certainly do not want to get bogged down studying information that has zero chance to be on their exam.

The CCIE Written and the Lab in the area of R&S are going to restrict themselves to one overall subject when it comes to MPLS – the Layer 3 MPLS VPN. This just happens to be the most popular implementation of MPLS, so it works out well.

While there are many topics that fall into this area, including label architecture, label distribution, VRFs, MP-BGP, etc, you should be sure not to stray into topics like AToM, traffic engineering, and Layer 2 VPNs. These are not in scope for R&S.
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Couple of days ago, a CCIE Service Provider student asked me an interesting question: Can I use the same Frame Relay interface crossconnect one DLCI and locally terminate (route) another one? I thought this was a very interesting question for a blog post. Let’s take a look.
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This post is about the technology that has somewhat limited use in real life – at least most interesting (complex) parts of it.
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